Maxima.2023.alpha.0.4.alpha.0.1

Initial release for this repository

.gitignore

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+book
+.obsidian
+*.sh
+src/old/
+src/todo.txt

book.toml

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+[book]
+authors = ["uzalu"]
+language = "en"
+multilingual = false
+src = "src"
+title = "Maxima"
+
+
+[output.html]
+additional-css = ["material.css", "custom.css"]

custom.css

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+
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+	opacity: .65;
+	font-size: .9em;
+	line-height: 1.5em;
+	margin-left: 1em !important;
+	display: inline-block;
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+
+h1::before {
+	content: ""!important
+}
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+h2::before {
+	content: "— "!important
+}
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+}
+
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+
+h5::before {
+	content: "— — — — "!important
+}
+
+h1:target::before,
+h2:target::before,
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+h5:target::before,
+h6:target::before {
+	display: inline!important;
+	margin-inline-start: inherit!important;
+	width: inherit!important;
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+
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+h2:target,
+h3:target,
+h4:target,
+h5:target,
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+	border-left: .5em solid yellow;
+	padding: .5em .5em;
+}
+
+main {
+	margin-bottom: 50vh;
+}

material.css

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+/* fallback */
+@font-face {
+  font-family: 'Material Symbols Outlined';
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: 400;
+  src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/materialsymbolsoutlined/v108/kJF1BvYX7BgnkSrUwT8OhrdQw4oELdPIeeII9v6oDMzByHX9rA6RzaxHMPdY43zj-jCxv3fzvRNU22ZXGJpEpjC_1v-p_4MrImHCIJIZrDCvHOej.woff2) format('woff2');
+}
+
+.mso {
+  font-family: 'Material Symbols Outlined';
+  font-weight: normal;
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-size: 24px;
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+  display: inline-block;
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+  word-wrap: normal;
+  direction: ltr;
+  -moz-font-feature-settings: 'liga';
+  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
+}

src/SUMMARY.md

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+# Summary
+
+[Maxima](maxima.md)
+
+- [Characters](characters.md)
+	- [🌱 Growth](growth.md)
+	- [🌠 Willpower](willpower.md)
+	- [💢 Strain](strain.md)
+	- [🛞 Passives](passives.md)
+	- [🧰 Skills](skills.md)
+		- [Skill Names](skill_names.md)
+		- [Skill Levels](skill_levels.md)
+		- [Professions](professions.md)
+	- [💠 Specials](specials.md)
+		- [Common 💠Specials](common_specials.md)
+	- [⚕️ Status](status.md)
+	- [Character Creation](character_creation.md)
+- [🎯 Challenges](challenges.md)
+	- [Long Challenges](long_challenges.md)
+	- [Resistance Challenges](resistance_challenges.md)
+	- [Exhaustion Challenges](exhaustion_challenges.md)
+	- [Fate Rolls](fate_rolls.md)
+- [Accomplishments](accomplishments.md)
+- [Rest](rest.md)
+- [Projects](projects.md)
+- [Version History](versions.md)
+- [Volatile](volatile.md)

src/accomplishments.md

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+# Accomplishments
+A Character should be awarded 🌠Willpower when something happens which is all of:
+
+- Significant
+- Desirable for that Character
+- Non-repetitive
+- Visible to, or easily-discoverable by, that Character
+
+The 🌠Willpower awarded is at the Storyteller’s discretion, but usually 2 to 6.
+
+This bypasses the usual 🌠Willpower limit of 10, instead limited to 20.

src/challenges.md

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+# 🎯 Challenges
+If a Character wants to do something they might fail at, the Storyteller may start a Challenge.  
+<span class="subline">This can happen by the Player’s choice, or initiated by the Storyteller if one outcome is clearly preferable, like noticing something.</span>
+
+The Storyteller and any Players involved must understand what the Character(s) are trying to do.
+
+The Challenge succeeds if the Success Rating is equal-to or greater-than the Difficulty.  
+<span class="subline">The Storyteller determines the Difficulty.  
+Sometimes there is a fixed Difficulty rating to compare to, sometimes it's more approximate.  
+The Storyteller can choose to inform the Player(s) of the Difficulty.</span>
+
+**Unless the Breakthrough effect has been applied, always limit the Success Rating to 10.**
+
+## Skill
+Choose a 🧰Skill which applies to this Challenge.  
+<span class="subline">The Storyteller must agree that it applies.</span>
+
+Use the 🧰Skill’s Rating as your Success Rating in this Challenge.  
+<span class="subline">Use 0 if no 🧰Skill matches.</span>
+### Weak Matching
+
+If the 🧰Skill matches too weakly, the Storyteller may reduce its effective Rating in this Challenge.  
+<span class="subline">This reduction is usually -1, -2, or -3.</span>
+### Required Specialisation
+
+If a 🧰Skill name is too broad, and more specialised knowledge is required, the Storyteller may choose to require one additional 🧰Skill which strictly matches the Challenge's requirements.
+
+The additional 🧰Skill must be rated 3 or more.
+
+Use the highest rating of the two 🧰Skills as the Success Rating in this Challenge.
+
+For example, a Character may have 'Biology' as a 🧰Skill, but the Storyteller may determine that's not specific enough to cover something like performing neurosurgery. In this case, as long as the Character has 'Neurosurgery' at level 3 or above, they may use the highest-levelled 🧰Skill out of 'Biology' and 'Neurosurgery' for the Challenge.
+
+## Boost (Optional)
+The Player can choose to try their luck, which can improve the Challenge’s outcome.
+
+Roll any number of 6-sided dice (“1d6”). Each roll costs 1 🌠Willpower.  
+<span class="subline">You can use any applicable [random number generator](https://www.random.org/widgets/integers/iframe?title=Wizards+In+Space+Luck&buttontxt=Roll&width=160&height=230&border=off&bgcolor=%23FFFFFF&txtcolor=%23777777&altbgcolor=%23FF0060&alttxtcolor=%23000000&defaultmin=1&defaultmax=6&fixed=off), as long as the Storyteller can see the result.</span>
+
+Rolls cost 2 🌠Willpower if the Character is [Impaired](/strain.md#impaired).
+
+Choose one of the dice roll results, and apply the effect matching your result:
+
+| Result | Effect |
+|-|-|
+| 1 | [Blunder](#blunder). |
+| 2 | -1 Success Rating. |
+| 3 | No effect. |
+| 4 | +1 Success Rating. |
+| 5 | +2 Success Rating. |
+| 6 | +3 Success Rating.<br>[Flourish](#flourish). |
+### Blunder
+If your Luck is 1, you Blunder, and fail the Challenge.
+
+Roll another 1d6 to determine how badly you blundered. This is a Blunder Roll.
+
+| **Result** | **Effect** |
+| ---- | ---- |
+| 1 | Roll another Blunder roll.<br>Each Blunder Roll increases the severity of failure. |
+| 2-5 | Failure with a side effect.<br>The side-effect is worse for lower results. |
+| 6 | Simple Failure (no side effect). |
+### Flourish
+If your Luck is 6, a minor narrative benefit can be applied, if convenient.

src/character_creation.md

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+# Character Creation
+Characters, particularly Player-Characters, should be designed using this process.
+
+## Acquiring Skills
+Players may spend 1 🌱Growth to increase a 🧰Skill's Rating by 1.  
+<span class="subline">This includes creating the 🧰Skill at level 1.</span>
+
+---
+*Work in Progress*

src/characters.md

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+# Characters
+A Character is anything in the world which might be involved in a Challenge.
+
+Challenges test the capabilities of a Character.
+
+Almost anything can be a Character. Some examples include:
+
+- Humanoids
+- Vehicles; including Starships, Space Stations, etc.
+- Cities or Armies; for example in an empire-strategy setting
+- Pets
+
+A lot of the language around Characters in this document applies primarily to Humanoids, but can be adapted to any type.
+
+## Recording a Character
+Any important Characters, especially Player-Characters, should be recorded.
+
+The information can be recorded on paper, digitally, or however is convenient.
+
+Recorded information is in these categories:
+
+| Type | Simple Description | Initial Value |
+|-|-|-|
+| [🌱 Growth](growth.md) | Overall Power | 25 / 25 |
+| [🌠 Willpower](willpower.md) | Free Energy | 10 |
+| [💢 Strain](strain.md) | Unwanted Pressure | 0 |
+| [🛞 Passives](passives.md) | Real-world Memorisation Requirements | 0 / 1 |
+| [🧰 Skills](skills.md) | What a Character is good at |
+| [💠 Specials](specials.md) | Notable non-standard abilities |
+| [⚕️ Status](status.md) | Currently-active conditions |

src/common_specials.md

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+# Common 💠Specials
+
+## Passions
+...
+
+## Immunities
+...
+
+
+
+---
+*Work in Progress*

src/exhaustion_challenges.md

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+# Exhaustion Challenges
+The Storyteller may call an Exhaustion Challenge whenever they believe a Character is likely to fail it, due to having too much 💢Strain.
+
+This is a normal Challenge with the following differences:
+
+## Two-part
+The Character's two highest 💢Strain ⚕️Status effects are used for one sub-Challenge each.
+
+## Skill
+The 🧰Skill(s) used must be relevant to the 💢Strain ⚕️Status.
+
+For example:
+- 'Toughness' to resist exhaustion from a physical injury.
+- 'Discipline' to resist exhaustion from stress.
+
+## Difficulty
+The difficulty is equal to the relevant 💢Strain ⚕️Status effect's severity.
+
+## Outcome
+If the Challenge fails, the Character falls unconscious (or otherwise neutralised).

src/fate_rolls.md

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+# Fate Rolls
+Fate Rolls are a simple 6-sided dice (“1d6”) roll, from which the Storyteller determines the outcome directly.
+
+Fate Rolls are used for purely-luck-based Challenges.  
+Only use Fate Rolls if 🧰Skills could not non-trivially effect the outcome.
+
+Fate Rolls can also have outcomes relative to the Fate Rolls of other Players. For example, all Players are asked to do a Fate Roll, and the lowest roll suffers some negative effect.

src/growth.md

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+# Growth
+🌱Growth can be spent to improve a Character.
+
+🌱Growth keeps Characters balanced.

src/licence.md

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+# Licence
+Using Maxima in any works of your own is permitted if you prominently:
+
+- Credit the original author (uzalu)
+- Link to this ruleset ( <http://maxima.uzalu.net> )
+
+This licence is subject to change.

src/long_challenges.md

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+# Long Challenges
+---
+*Work in Progress*

src/maxima.md

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+# Maxima
+A set of rules and guidance  
+Which make it easier to create and run  
+Challenging Narrative Role-Playing Games  
+Conducted among friends  
+
+Created by uzalu
+
+{{#include licence.md}}
+
+# Version
+**Maxima.2023.alpha.0.4** (In Progress)
+
+More details: [Versions](versions.md)

src/passives.md

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+# Passives
+Effects which activate automatically, rather than when explicitly called, require more memorisation and checks for Players and the Storyteller.
+
+Hence the maximum number of Passive 💠Specials, chosen by the Player, is limited.
+
+The Storyteller can choose to allow any number of 🛞Passives for their Players, but each one increases the potential weight of gameplay, due to higher memorisation requirements for everyone, especially the Storyteller.
+
+The Storyteller is most impacted by this because most Passive 💠Specials are detrimental, and so Players are not naturally incentivised to remember them.
+
+The memorisation requriements also scale with the number of Players. Larger parties means more to remember, and so to make sure effects trigger reliably, each Player in a larger party should have fewer 🛞Passives.
+- 3 Players with 1 🛞Passive each = 3 to remember
+- 5 Players with 3 🛞Passives each = 15 to remember
+
+As a campaign progresses it will become easier to remember when effects trigger, because everyone gets used to them. The Storyteller may increase the number of 🛞Passives at any time.
+<span class="subline">It is strongly advised that the Storyteller never **reduce** the number of 🛞Passives Players have.</span>

src/professions.md

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+# Professions
+Characters can have a Profession 🧰Skill, which covers all the basic areas of ability they would need to have the occupation they have.
+
+This removes the need for a Player to go through all the boilerplate 🧰Skills a Character would need, before adding anything interesting.
+
+For example, if a Character is a Soldier, it's safe to assume they have at least an above-average understanding of weapons, above-average athletic ability, above-average tactical sense, etc.
+
+Profession 🧰Skills have fixed levels. It is recommended to set the level at 3, 4, or 5. It is recommended to either not use Profession 🧰Skills at all, or give all Characters one Profession 🧰Skill each at the same level as each other.
+
+Profession 🧰Skills, unlike other 🧰Skills, are named after a job, role, occupation, etc., not after an area of knowledge or adaptation. Instead of 'Geology', a profession would be named 'Geologist'.
+
+---
+*Work in Progress*

src/projects.md

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+# Projects
+
+<div class="notes" style="display:none">
+- each unit of work is equal to 1 hour of work by someone with a skill of 1
+- the duration of each long challenge is 1 hour
+- check that there is 1 hour free before starting the long challenge
+</div>
+
+---
+*Work in Progress*

src/removed_parts.md

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+## Strain
+*Note: this is being considered for removal.*
+
+If the Character is not in a hazardous situation, subtract their current 💢Strain from the Success Rating of the Challenge.
+
+### Adrenaline
+If the Character is in a hazardous situation, 💢Strain is not subtracted from their Success Rating.
+
+The Storyteller determines what counts as a hazardous situation.
+
+The Storyteller can overrule this effect if the 💢Strain is too extreme or would specifically affect the Challenge.
+
+### Adversity
+Whenever 💢Strain is subtracted from the Success Rating of a Challenge, add 🔮Sync to the affected Character equal to the 💢Strain subtracted.
+
+---
+
+## Strain Stages
+💢Strain can be at three different levels, as detailed below.
+
+After a Character receives a 💢Strain-causing ⚕️Status effect, the Storyteller determines which of the following 💢Strain stages the Character is at.
+
+The effect(s) of each 💢Strain stage apply cumulatively, so while at 'Stage 2: Impaired', the effect(s) of 'Stage 1: Strained' also applies.
+
+### Stage 1: Strained
+This is a level of strain which is distracting or causes discomfort.
+
+- During Rest, instead of raising 🌠Willpower to 6, raise it to 4.
+
+This state is active if any 💢Strain-causing ⚕️Status effects are present.
+
+### Stage 2: Impaired
+This is a level of strain which makes it noticeably more difficult to perform tasks in general.
+
+- Using Boost in Challenges costs 2 🌠Willpower instead of 1.
+
+### Stage 3: Doomed
+This is a level of strain which will not get better on its own, and could cause loss of consciousness.
+
+- Upon leaving any hazardous situation, and also upon any time-skip, run an Exhaustion Challenge. If the Character fails, they fall unconscious, and may even die.
+
+---

src/resistance_challenges.md

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+# Resistance Challenges
+At any time, a Character may choose to resist the impairment effect of a 💢Strain ⚕️Status.
+
+This is a normal Challenge with the following differences:
+
+## Willpower Cost
+Attempting this costs 1 🌠Willpower.
+
+## Skill
+The 🧰Skill(s) used must be relevant to the 💢Strain ⚕️Status.
+
+For example:
+- 'Toughness' to resist the Impairment of a physical injury.
+- 'Discipline' to resist the Impairment of stress.
+
+## Difficulty
+The Challenge's Difficulty is equal to:
+
+**Base Difficulty + 💢Strain Amount** 
+
+Usually Base Difficulty should be 3.
+
+The Storyteller should use a different Base Difficulty if something inherent about the Character or its environment enforces a significantly higher or lower standard for the type of 💢Strain it is receiving.
+
+For example, a highly-moral Character might have a Base Difficulty of 6 when receiving 💢Strain caused by guilt/remorse.
+
+## Outcome
+If the Challenge succeeds, remove the Impairment effect from the 💢Strain ⚕️Status.
+<span class="subline">It's best to somehow differentiate this from a ⚕️Status which was never Impairing.</span>

src/rest.md

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+# Rest
+A Rest is any time spent on non-stressful activities, during time-skips within Storyteller-defined downtime.
+
+This can include recreation, socialising, sleep, etc.
+<span class="subline">Players do not need to specify what their Character is doing narratively during Rest.</span>
+
+## Rest Willpower Recovery
+During Rest, Characters restore 🌠Willpower, but this restoration is limited.
+
+Using Rest, Characters cannot restore their 🌠Willpower above 6.  
+(Or 4 if the Character has any 💢Strain ⚕️Status effects)
+
+Rest restores 1 🌠Willpower per 2 full hours.  
+1 full hour of Rest can be rounded up to 1 🌠Willpower restored.

src/skill_levels.md

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+# Skill Levels
+🧰Skills have a number, their ‘level’ or ‘rating’, indicating how good the Character is at that 🧰Skill.
+
+## Level 0 : Neutral
+The same as not having the 🧰Skill.
+
+The Storyteller should define 0 as roughly the lowest level of capability, excluding anomalies like disabilities, for the Character-type which is considered 'default' for the Campaign, usually humans.
+
+To represent lower capability than 0 (disabilities, inferior species, etc.), use 💠Specials.
+
+## Level 3 : Competent
+This is considered ‘Employable’ where applicable.
+
+## Level 10 : Top
+The highest expected level for the campaign’s main Characters.
+
+The Storyteller determines how good 10 is, and should try to keep it consistent throughout a campaign.
+
+It is possible to exceed 10 in Challenges, but very rare.
+
+## Evaluation
+  
+In practice, these levels refer to the difficulty of actions at which a Character is guaranteed to succeed.  
+
+For example, a 🧰Skill at level 5 means a relevant Challenge with a difficulty of 5 won’t fail (unless Blundered).  
+Therefore, it should be rare to have high-level Skills.

src/skill_names.md

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+# Skill Names
+
+🧰Skills can be custom-named.
+
+A 🧰Skill’s name must refer to an area of knowledge or a type of adaptation, or sometimes elements of both.
+
+An area of knowledge could be ‘Geology’, ‘Rocketry’, ‘History’, etc.  
+A type of adaptation could be ‘Strength’, ‘Resilience’, ‘Agility’, etc.
+
+## Coverage
+
+🧰Skills are used to determine how likely an action is to have the desired outcome.
+
+🧰Skills can only be used to improve actions which the 🧰Skill is relevant to.
+
+For example, ‘Strength’ is relevant to the task of ‘lifting a heavy rock’.
+
+A 🧰Skill which is relevant to an action has ‘coverage’ of it.
+
+## Vagueness and Specificity
+
+Vague Skill names have coverage of more actions, but do not cover them as strongly as precise <span style="white-space:nowrap;">🧰Skill</span> names.
+
+When an action requires specific knowledge or adaptation, a vague Skill name won’t be sufficient.
+
+In these cases, the Storyteller may ask for one additional 🧰Skill which is more specific.
+
+It is a good idea to have a few vague Skills, since when two 🧰Skills are used, the highest rating of the two is taken.
+
+The advised level of vagueness for this is, for example ‘Science’, ‘Combat’, ‘Technology’, ‘Charisma’, etc.
+
+## Common Sense
+
+🧰Skills do not need to cover actions which are not challenging, such as ‘common sense’.
+
+This may not always apply depending on the narrative setting. The Storyteller should make this clear.
+
+## Up-Coverage and Down-Coverage
+
+🧰Skills have coverage of everything they contain, as well as everything they require.
+
+For example, ‘Science’ contains ‘Biology’, so it covers it.  
+This is called ‘up-coverage’.
+
+Similarly, ‘Rocket Science’ requires an understanding of ‘Physics’, so it covers it.  
+This is called ‘down-coverage’.
+
+Down-Coverage does not bounce back up again, thus having 'Rocket Science' does not cover 'Anatomy', even though 'Science' is required for 'Rocket Science'.
+
+## Ambiguity
+
+If a 🧰Skill name could be used for multiple separate areas of knowledge or adaptation, it is ambiguous.
+
+For example, ‘Versatility’, ‘Accuracy’, etc.
+
+In these cases, the 🧰Skill is usually disallowed.
+
+The only exception is if there is no better word for the single thing it is intended to refer to.  
+In this case, the 🧰Skill requires a small note to indicate what it is for.
+
+## Benefit
+
+🧰Skills must be named for qualities which are more useful if their level is higher.
+
+For example, 'Combat', 'Diplomacy', 'Vision', etc. are simply better if their level is higher, than if it is lower.
+
+The Storyteller should decide if a 🧰Skill name follows this pattern strongly enough, judging according to whether it's worth making it a 💠Special instead.
+
+For example, 'Fat' is a quality of a Character which could clearly incur benefits *and* detriments.  
+In this case, it should be added as a 💠Special instead of a 🧰Skill.  
+<span class="subline">Alternatively, consider making the benefits themselves 🧰Skills, such as 'Insulation'.</span>

src/skills.md

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+# Skills
+🧰Skills describe what a Character is good at.
+
+🧰Skills are used in Challenges to determine whether a Character is able to succeed at something difficult.
+
+🧰Skills have a name and a level.
+
+🧰Skills may also be Mandatory, Contingent, or have a Fixed Level.

src/specials.md

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+# Specials
+💠Specials are notable things a Character can do which are not standard for the Campaign's assumed baseline default type.
+
+For example, a humanoid can walk, but to teleport they must use a 💠Special.
+
+## Active and Passive Specials
+
+💠Specials can be Active or Passive.
+
+-   Active 💠Specials are used only when deliberately activated.
+-   Passive 💠Specials automatically activate whenever they are applicable.
+
+💠Specials which cost resources to use (such as Willpower) are always Active.
+
+Sometimes a Character can choose whether to hold a 💠Special as Active or Passive.
+
+If not known, always assume a 💠Special is Active.  
+Passives are rarer since they require more effort to remember whether they should trigger.
+
+## Detrimental Specials
+💠Specials which have an undesirable effect usually:
+- Are Passive
+- Grant 🌱Growth
+
+They are passive because they won't ever be voluntarilty triggered by the Player if it doesn't benefit them.
+
+They grant 🌱Growth when obtained, meaning they increase the Current 🌱Growth, but not the Total 🌱Growth.
+
+## Template Specials
+
+Some 💠Specials allow specifying extra details about them when they are acquired.
+
+For example, a 💠Special which defines a personal passion would allow the Player to define what that passion is actually for.  
+The 💠Special could be called “Passion”, and the Player fills in “Cooking” when they acquire the 💠Special.  
+This 💠Special can be recorded as “Passion: Cooking”.
+
+There are sometimes other necessary steps when a 💠Special is acquired before it can be used.  
+Sometimes these steps are done by the Player, sometimes by the Storyteller.
+
+## Verbiage
+
+💠Specials cover what can otherwise be called ‘Traits’, ‘Powers’, ‘Abilities’, etc.
+
+It should be assumed safe to use these words interchangeably, and so no 💠Special should actually be named one of these.

src/status.md

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+# Status
+⚕️States are active effects on a Character.
+
+⚕️States are usually expected to expire, unlike 🧰Skills and 💠Specials.

src/strain.md

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+# Strain
+💢Strain is a Character’s overall mental pressure, including stress, pain, exhaustion, cold, hunger, etc.
+## Recording Strain
+When a Character is in a state which would cause 💢Strain, record it as a ⚕️Status effect.
+
+You need to record the following pieces of information (which the storyteller will give you):
+- Brief description of the injury (usually 1 or 2 words)
+- Whether it is "Strain" or "Impairment"
+- The [severity rating](#strain-severity)
+
+Here are some examples of how you might record various 💢Strain ⚕️Status effects:
+- Leg bruise (strain) | 1
+- Ankle sprain (impairment) | 3
+- IMPAIRMENT: concussion | 2
+- Strain (supplies): 3
+- 4 strain due to cold
+
+Choose whichever format is easiest for you to understand, as long as the storyteller can easily find the 3 pieces of important information listed above.
+
+### Strain Severity
+💢Strain severity is a number which corresponds to how straining a ⚕️Status is.  
+<span class="subline">Many ⚕️Status effects record a rating to indicate how powerful they are, which we call Severity for 💢Strain ⚕️Status effects.</span>
+
+Severity should follow a scale corresponding to these example injuries:
+| Severity | Injury examples |
+|-|-|
+| 1-2 | Severe bruise, large cut |
+| 3-4 | Non-vital gunshot wound, deep gash |
+| 5+ | Limb destruction, vital bleeding |
+
+In practice, this scale generally ends at the point the Character would fail an [Exhaustion Challenge](/exhaustion_challenges.md).
+<span class="subline">It should usually be impossible for any Character, no matter how hardy, to stay conscious with 10 or more 💢Strain.</span>
+
+<todo style="display: none;">todo: recommend a scale?</todo>
+
+## Strain Effects
+### Strained
+If a Character has any 💢Strain ⚕️Status effects, apply the following effect:
+- During Rest, instead of raising 🌠Willpower to a maximum of 6, raise it to a maximum of 4.
+
+### Impaired
+If any of the 💢Strain ⚕️Status effects are 'Impairing', also apply the following effect:
+- Using Boost in Challenges costs 2 🌠Willpower instead of 1.

src/versions.md

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# Version History
+Maxima has been in development since 2021.
+
+## Version Notation Guide
+Namespace.branch.status.major.minor.[status.major.minor.[...]]
+
+| Part | Description |
+|-|-|
+| Namespace | The project line, in this case "Maxima" |
+| Branch | Iterations like "2" or alternates like "B" |
+| Status | Release Status, like "alpha", "beta", "public", "unstable", etc |
+| Major | A number which increments when a major change happens |
+| Minor | A number which increments when a minor change happens |
+| Further Status.Major.Minor | Each new version can itself be in a non-complete state |
+
+## Maxima Versions
+Sorted by newest first.
+
+### Maxima.2023.alpha.0.4
+*In Progress*
+- Strain overhaul, including resistance/exhaustion challenges
+
+### Maxima.2023.alpha.0.3
+- Moved to mdBook
+- A few small changes
+
+### [Maxima.2023.alpha.0.2](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1gbnJG6to32xQVdLObteAaGSI4gu3Sl3G33tlmhcD-8k)
+- Attributes split into Skills and Specials
+- Challenges significantly changed (Luck-optional)
+
+### [Maxima.2023.alpha.0.1](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1nlmdOtkPb433oYAuXWGLac84RTYMEZNHzAqR_ZPH8ek)
+Initial release.
+
+### [Maxima.2022](http://maxima2022.uzalu.net)
+Unfinished
+
+Not recommended, but possible to use with some tweaking.
+
+### [Maxima.2021](http://maxima2021.uzalu.net)
+Finished
+
+Not recommended due to being an early incarnation of the ideas present in later versions.

src/volatile.md

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+# Volatile
+Areas of the ruleset which are likely to change.
+
+This page is written in the form of notes and ideas, open for comment, yet-to-be formalised.
+
+## Strain
+Modifying every single Challenge by Strain is arduous, but most notably, it seems unnecessary. There are other factors which can affect Challenges, or ways to apply Strain to Challenges which don't require direct subtraction on every single Challenge.
+
+Tracking Strain without having a dedicated Strain stat (i.e. using only Willpower) seems to always cause desynchronisation with reality. A separate stat is almost certainly needed, but how to use it can vary.
+
+expand feint challenges into general exhaustion challenges, which we run whenever the storyteller feels like it, the difficulty is equal to the current strain, and it's versatile. If you fail, you feint. For this, the current scale of Strain would probably need to be doubled.
+This means there's little-to-no effect from very low amounts of strain - in fact the only difference between 1 and 0 is if they have a relevant skill at 1, since rolling a 1 is a failure anyway.
+It might not be worth bothering calling such a challenge until they're at about 3 strain.
+The rate at which such challenges are called will effect willpower supplies, and it's completely storyteller-elective, so it may be seen as overly- or underly- harsh. Perhaps a specific criteria for when to run the challenge, like when leaving a tense or hazardous situation, is required. This works well, unless the strain is from something non-dangerous, which is perfectly possible.
+We'd need to consider whether to allow any skills to affect this, and if so, it's better not to let them affect BOTH resistance-challenges AND exhaustion-challenges, but this might be unavoidable.
+
+the main problem with this is knowing when to apply these challenges, and the need to remember to do it. Forgetting it once causes significant unbalance. Then again, this is also true if you forget to apply it to challenges. Is there a way to apply it which doesn't get unbalanced?
+
+consider granting 1 willpower at the start of exhaustion challenges when they follow the end of a tense or hazardous situation, to incentivise the player remembering them? This can become farmable.
+
+consider rewarding several points of willpower for passing a feint challenge, and letting players choose when to use it. This would also remove the need for the storyteller to remember to arbitrarily reward willpower.
+
+## Sync
+Incentivising applying Strain for every Challenge is good, because Players aren't likely to work to remember something which doesn't benefit them, and otherwise the Storyteller has to remember it every time. However, in practice, this is too much to do during a Challenge, and distracts from the point of Challenges.
+
+It may be that Sync is completely unnecessary. The original point was to reward Players for following their Character's personality accurately, at the expense of their objective benefit. If some other way is found to cover this purpose, and maybe a few other minor things, Sync could be removed completely.
+
+sync also takes the place of 'experience' by being tradeable for Growth, but this isn't necessary if there's a slow income of Growth to the characters, unless the Storyteller wants to track progress differently on a scale smaller than individual Growth points.
+
+sync could be spent to automatically succeed at certain challenges, which concern the player more than the character, such as Organisation.
+
+sync could be spent to gain total insight into some story element the characters wouldn't otherwise discover, perhaps in batches of 10.
+
+perhaps the solution is to focus on the detriment we're measuring the roleplaying against, and instead make sure to make it a detrimental trait, and therefore give that player some growth to spend on something else.
+This still might be a problem if the trait incentivises them to screw over the rest of the party - it's too close to pvp.
+this is essentially the same as already-existing Prude trait, though.
+there should be guidance that any detrimental character aspects *ought* to be made into traits, otherwise there can be no reward for roleplaying them.
+
+consider creating a system to resolve inter-party character disputes without requiring PVP.
+
+consider instead of granting willpower on successful applications, increase strain by 1 on failures to apply. This reduces the likelihood of farming, but inverts the incentive, increasing the amount the storyteller has to remember, as well as punishing players who forget to roleplay.
+
+## Chaos
+Everything about the Chaos mechanic seems to work and make sense, and yet forcing a detrimental effect upon players, which everyone has to remember, is still unpleasant for everyone. Arguments over whether an action should grant Chaos also slow the game down and create friction.
+
+It was originally intended to enforce the ethics of the Narrative Setting upon Players who weren't following them, specifically playing their Character in a way which wouldn't make sense for that Character in that Narrative Setting.
+This, however, is better enforced naturally, through the story.
+The only exceptions where this wouldn't work, are to reflect Characters' guilt. Some people don't have guilt for unethical actions, and some unethical actions are punished by observers, but in the space between these, are Characters who do feel guilt, but whose unethical actions weren't observed.
+This is particularly important for Characters for whom their ideology grants power, and specifically forbids certain sins, and would impose severe guilt for such violations. This is important whether the ideology refers to something literally real in-universe or not.
+
+It may be possible to replace Sync and Chaos together with something else. Perhaps a hidden stat which refers to how well the Player is co-operating with the story, which the Storyteller can use to influence whatever they like.
+Hiding the stat reduces arguments, but also reduces accountability, and guilt is something Characters would know about.
+
+Perhaps a better solution is to at least agree beforehand on an ethical requirement, which specifies a deduction of willpower during obvious violations. At least if it's agreed beforehand, this is not as arguable, but there are so many things which could be considered unethical, that the argument is just about whether broad categories of unethical actions apply to some action the player did.
+
+It could be argued that chaos doesn't really concern morality, moreso the theme of a narrative setting. If Characters are expected to exhibit a pattern of behaviour in that narrative setting and don't, there's no good way to resolve that. This just depends on the players' attitude, and the players therefore define the shape of the campaign.
+
+For guilt specifically, this could be added as Strain, which can be cleared using willpower, or by realistic narrative methods like counselling. For this though, it should be possible for some Characters to be psychopathic, receiving no guilt, but with some alternative detriment, perhaps less maximum Willpower, due to the difficulty of hiding their remorselessness from everyone all the time, and appearing normal.
+This still doesn't properly control for examples where Characters would have undergone advanced psychological profiling or other means to detect such variations before their Character got to where they are. Perhaps this should just decrease their maximum willpower by more. 1 if their condition is more acceptable or less exposed, up to a maximum of 4 if it's less acceptable or more exposed. Perhaps a greater Growth cost instead?
+
+Use Skills to track remorselessness, and allow players to opt in to a challenge to resist incoming strain from some causes.
+Remorse is a valid form of strain.
+If a strain challenge succeeds, the strain is reduced by 3, down to a minimum of 0.
+the difficulty of remorse challenges is how likely the character is to be remorseful in general. In a star trek setting, the difficulty would be high, perhaps 8, or even more for some roles. In a less morally-upstanding setting, the difficulty would be much lower. The standard should be about 3.
+While the exhaustion challenge is versatile, this one isn't, and the Storyteller can skip it quickly if they know nothing can affect it.
+This can also be used to factor in armour, and other things which provent any amount of damage.
+
+## Tracking Strain Causes
+the way this is done now is confusing to players, since when adding strain, they essentially have to add it in two places.
+
+merely a different conceptualisation of tracking strain might help, but the layout of strain as a resource, and the causes as statuses makes this difficult.
+
+perhaps all resources should actually be statuses? Then at least we could tree them, which would help clarify strain factor vs strain total.
+
+## Recording Growth: Current and Base
+this isn't too hard to remember, but if it can be streamlined it should be.
+
+perhaps players should only record current, and the storyteller should record a pan-party base, but if players ever have a different base amount, it will need to be recorded per player.
+
+Perhaps instead of recording current and base growth together, base growth should be recorded in a metadata area of the character sheet, and current should be in the status section just like it was a physical currency?
+
+alternatively, a model where we record how much has been spent, instead of how much has not yet been spent, allows us to only increase one value when more growth is added, rather than two.
+The downside of this is that it's slightly more maths to know how much you have left. This might be a worthy trade-off.
+
+## Breakthrough
+is it actually necessary to limit this? With the new evaluation of Skill levels, due to luck-optional challenges, it will be very rarely even possible to go above 10, assuming Skill levels are initially limited to 7.
+
+Perhaps all we need to resolve this is to strongly recommend limiting Skill levels to 7 initially. This should be strictly justified, and perhaps that's the main thing we're missing.
+
+Perhaps a counter to track the maximum Skill level as a campaign progresses is a good idea.
+
+## Rest Willpower Recovery
+With the willpower limit of 6, it's probably not necessary to restore as little as 1 willpower per 2 hours rested, it might be ok to restore 1 per hour. This also makes the "round up to 1 willpower for 1 hour rest" exception unnecessary, and thus simpler.
+
+though this does make any length of sleep greater than 6 hours completely useless.
+
+## Special Verbiage
+possibly change 'Special' to something else.
+
+possibly change 'active' and 'passive' to something else, something to imply that the effect is either 'elective' or 'mandatory'. 'Manual' vs 'Automatic'?
+
+## Special Definition
+relate the definition of a special to the obvious physical capabilities a character has - i.e. a humanoid can walk, not teleport, but even a member of a race who can teleport might still show no obvious signs that they can physically do that, indeed it may not be 'physical', depending on the magic system being used.
+
+being able to swing an arm-blade is obvious and physical, being able to chop unnaturally fast, unnaturally precisely, or unnaturally strongly, may all be Specials.
+## Strain (2023/12/18)
+- Strain is gained as normal
+- 1 Willpower can be spent at any time to reduce Strain by 1
+- Strain sources are not reduced, only the actual Strain value itself
+- When regaining Willpower from significant events, it always goes towards reducing Strain before gaining any usable Willpower
+- Whenever Strain increases, if it's 5 or above, do a Feint Challenge (Similar to Exhaustion as described above)
+- Some Strain sources get worse over time if not tended - for example, an open wound. For these, there will be occasional Malady Checks, for which any applicable Strain source gets worse, and the amount it gets worse by is added onto the Character's Strain.
+- If a Strain source is too bad, beyond what one could mentally ignore, a Feint Challenge can be run for that specific source.
+### Problems
+- Why would anyone spend Willpower to resist Strain early, when it's the same as waiting for the next Willpower gain. The only reason would be bleeding, and that won't apply to every Strain source.
+	- Could change it to "no matter how much Willpower you would have gained, you gain 1 Willpower and lose 1 Strain." - this doesn't scale with the significance of the regain at all.
+## Unbounded Scaling
+For Skills, or similar ratings, it may sometimes be preferable to allow the values to scale to any extent - for example, if a magic system allows for a huge variation of power levels, the campaign may eventually reach the point where 10 just isn't enough.
+
+In these cases, it is probably wise to introduce a new counter for something like "magic power", and leave Skills as they are.
+
+Skills are intended to measure things which *are* essentially bounded, but there are likely to be problem cases.
+
+One possible problem case is if a playable species has superhuman ability in some metric, like strength or senses. If we lower everyone else's values, they may spend the entire campaign unable to reach 10, or even 7, but if we raise the superhuman's values, it changes assumptions about 10 being the maximum, including the breakthrough mechanic.
+
+The reason this is coming up is that ultimately Skills are conflating different kinds of metric. They are mainly intended to serve for areas of knowledge, and may not always work as well for other kinds of metric.
+
+Allowing freely going over 10 would be ok for some Skills, but not for others.
+
+Consider a system whereby 'Skills' or some replacement are in fact just a limit on how well a Character can do at a task, and if no knowledge or other things are required, there is no limit, and then Players choose how much energy to expend up to that limit.
+
+This would also imply the need for a lower bounds on some Skills, if a Character is to expert that it's just as easy, or easier, for them to operate at a high-Skill level, than a low-Skill level. A medical expert might find it just as easier, or even easier, to be correct about a complex medical topic, than to be no more correct than an amateur would be.
+
+I can envisage this system working, and solving the skill-scaling problem, and perhaps some others, but it's noticeably more complicated than the current system.
+
+## New Strain System 2024/01/15
+(Many names are WIP)
+
+Strain effects are in three categories:
+1. Minor: Doesn't need to be tracked, but can be
+2. Debilitating: Doubles boost cost
+3. Fatal: Incurs feint challenges on every time-skip, and at earliest convenience after acquiring
+
+Minor strain-effects are those which are expected to heal on their own, and do not cause most tasks to be more difficult. They are only tracked in case they can stack and thus become debilitating, they have no effect on their own.
+
+Debilitating strain-effects are those which would make most tasks more difficult, due to pain, stress, or anything similar. Debilitating injuries are not expected to worsen without limit (i.e. bleeding to death).
+
+While any debilitating strain-effect is active, all boost roles during challenges cost twice as much (2 by default, instead of 1).
+
+Fatal strain-effects are those which are expected to worsen without limit, such they can kill or cause unconsciousness.
+
+When a fatal injury is acquired, a feint challenge must be performed at the next non-tense opportunity. One must also be performed during every time-skip (possibly only if longer than 1 hour), and should be intensified for particularly long time-skips. (Possibly double the difficult for every full 8 hours skipped).
+
+Feint challenges (name WIP) require adding up the top two injuries, and every fatal injury. This is the difficulty of the challenge. These challenges are versatile.
+
+It's possible for a condition to be fatal without being debilitating, but unlikely in practice.
+### Problems
+- Is doubling the cost a bit too harsh? Anything else is likely to be much more complicated.
+	- We could certainly add a trait which un-doubles the cost for the entire challenge, at the cost of 1 willpower. This isn't the best way to lay it out since they'd always want to use it.
+	- If doubling it seems too harsh, then only apply debilitated when the status effect is bad enough. Use the result as the requisite.
+- Potentially, multiple injuries could combine together to be debilitating, whilst their source is recorded individually.
+	- The individual conditions should be marked as debilitating or fatal because otherwise we don't know how to get rid of those states when the injuries are healed.
+	- One solution could be for the latter injury to make the former injury worse directly when it's inflicted.
+	- If this is required, a new status called "general injuries" or similar could be added with no severity, but which applies debilitating. It would have to be healed by a general healing method, or removed when no other injuries remain.
+	- Accounting for this will sometimes require the storyteller to review all the strain-effects a player has, otherwise there's literally no point in recording non-debilitating and non-fatal injuries. Perhaps the lesson is that it *actually* isn't worth recording them?
+		- We could simply add another flag for "strained", which, for example, reduces the willpower recovery limit during rest, say from 6 to 4, which is applied by smaller injuries.
+- Recording whether each status is debilitating or fatal is an extra thing to do on every injury received, though it's still much less to do overall than under the previous system.
+### Further Notes
+- Some sort of counter of how many hours of fatal strain have been accounted for, so that time-skips don't punish the player more if they are simply more frequent, even if short.
+	- This could lead to a tendency to remove some of it if there has been more than an hour of non-skipped play. It may not come up often, but it's worth avoiding this in principle.
+	- Alternatively, the number of hours skipped could just be added on as difficulty. This might be too much, but if we divide it first, we lose the 1 hour minimum and have to use a 2, 3, or 4 hour minimum which seems wrong.
+- On reflection, only fatal strain-effects should actually cause unconsciousness (and thus, only they should factor into feint challenges). Debilitating effects could maybe contribute to it, but it's much simpler if they don't.
+- "Fatal" definitely needs to be changed since it's not necessarily accurate, or at least not the point, and "debilitating" is too long and may be slightly too uncommon a word.
+	- "impaired" or "impairing" might be a sufficient replacement for "debilitating".
+
+## New Versatility (2024-01-17)
+Removing the current versatility system, which allows characters to use their boost roll result as their skill level for challenges with significantly-intrinsic (instinctive, like perception) requirements. Adding instead a new Skill which every Character always has called Versatility, which is at level 3, but has conditions around its use which match the conditions for the current versatility system.
+
+This removes the need to declare that a challenge is versatile proactively, instead allowing the players to seek benefit by asking themselves. It will also teach them what versatility is, and honest players will eventually not need to ask.
+
+It removes the random chance element, but I would consider requiring characters to use boost if they are using versatility. This means that instinctive actions cost willpower (which is ok), and adds back in the random element. Perhaps we don't need to, since 3 is pretty low, and that could just be treated as the challenge floor - not ideal, but since it's for instinctive things this isn't so bad.
+
+In group challenges, if one character has a format which lacks some intrinsic sense the others have, it will be less cumbersome to specify that, and after some time, players will know whether something is versatile for their character instinctively, so it will almost never need to be asked.
+
+In the current system, versatility is a bit too abstract for people to remember what it means. There have been many instances where players have confused versatility with other things, or just ignored it completely. This new way is not only more grounded in an actual thing (a skill), but also encourages the players to ask about versatility since it confers a benefit.
+
+This also frees up increasing the cost of boosts, since boosts are no longer conflated with versatility. One problem with this is if versatility still requires to use boost, then it still costs more, but that's still better than the current system.
+
+### Problems
+0 is meant to be considered 'average', but under this system, 3 becomes the new average (for most character types) and 0 is used for character types for which versatility does not apply to the current challenge - which should be covered by a trait. This implies a violation of a fundamental principle of the skills system, which is going to lead to some contradictions - for example, there is no way to represent having 1 or 2 in anything to which versatile applies.
+
+Consider a system which, for versatile rolls, allows combining two boosts together - perhaps also granting one free boost roll. This does also produce double the risk of rolling a 1.
+
+## Removed Versatility (2024-01-17)
+Remove versatility entirely.
+
+All this requires is to redefine 0 as not "the average among a population", but as a "low, but not anomalously low, degree of intrinsic, with no specific knowledge".
+
+This allows us to treat intrinsics the same as other skills. There's no need for any other part of the previous system.
+
+Players could even make this really easy by giving themselves a skill called "senses" (which fills out a large part of intrinsics), and even at a low level it would be very useful. Sometimes this will be too broad, and will require specialisation, but that's just like every other skill.
+
+The only argument against this is if we believe that having higher levels in intrinsics is inherently significantly more valuable than non-intrinsic skills. I don't think this is true - it might be for some campaigns, and not for others, but that's expected and not a problem.
+
+Other character formats (eg. other species) who have a level of intrinsics below the level defined as 0 can simply use a trait, which is how it's meant to be done.
+
+For narrative settings with no humanoids, where the above definition for 0 doesn't really make sense, it should be pretty easy to map it onto something which does work. Writing a short guide for this won't be hard.
+
+Just like with 10, the storyteller must, to some extent, adjust the range to the needs of the campaign. Using this new conception of 0, it should require less effort than 10 does.
+
+Removing versatility also makes challenges significantly simpler.
+
+This change is not just a good adjustment, it seems to resolve what was actually a principle violation, or perhaps even a flawed principle.
+
+For challenges which are mostly luck-based, versatility could still be useful, but if it's so luck based that you need a random range of +6 rather than just +3 (as it is under this new system), then it might be so luck-based that it should be a fate roll instead.  
+(Fate rolls need to be added to the rules document).
+
+It might be a misconception to think that what versatility was for was "luck-based" challenges, since often, something like perception may seem like luck, but might actually be based on *genetic* luck, or on other measurable circumstances. There should still be a way to include luck, but this fix removes the mistake of relying on it here, whilst still including luck in the normal way.
+
+Maybe give players a few more growth points, and include some advice that they also need to consider spending their points on intrinsic things. Senses, but also strength, stamina, etc.
+
+The range of luck-based variation for intrinsic-based skills is *sometimes* more than for any knowledge-based skill. Not so much for strength, but often for perception. Even if this is true, it's not worth adding back the current system for this reason alone.
+
+Perhaps allow Challenges with a significant luck component to include more boosting. Perhaps this could apply to *every* involuntary challenge. Fate rolls may often be the solution here, but skill *could* factor in enough to be worth using a full challenge.
+
+This system does beckon for a set of 'recommended' skill names, though of course this depends on the narrative setting / character format. Expansions should always try to provide some recommended names.
+
+Since versatility does not allow for using a Skill, it is in fact just a fate roll to which modifiers can apply. If a challenge is entirely luck-based, modifiers probably shouldn't apply to it.
+## Fluke
+consider a system which would allow the character to spend 2 willpower, roll 2 boost di, and take the combined result, blundering if EITHER is a 1. This doubles the chance of failure, but also doubles the maximum boost, though the latter is much less likely.
+
+In these cases, it would be perhaps fatally unbalanced to allow the character to use a skill as well. Adding 6 is just too much, but it could work well if they aren't allowed to use a skill with it. Perhaps for this downside, the cost of rolling a fluke dice can be reduced back down to 1.
+
+## Skill Naming Issues
+- Up-Coverage and Down-Coverage have an ambiguity in how often either can 'bounce' back up or down. For example, with the Skill 'Rocket Science', through Down-Coverage, it covers 'Physics', 'Science', etc., but can you then use the Up-Coverage from 'Physics' to cover 'Quantum Mechanics'? This may require an extra Level 3 Skill for the specific knowledge, but this still might not be desired.
+	- This would make specificity overpowered compared to vagueness, since a specific skill covers the general area, and its own specific area. This may not be a problem.
+	- It's quite unclear - a player could be using 'Rocket Science' for all kinds of scientific rolls, as long as they have a token level in the specific area.
+- There could be multiple different paths to gaining a Skill, each with different areas of expertise. Neither one is 'required', even though at least one of them may be. How does Down-Coverage work in these cases?
+
+## Fat
+Take for example a situation where an element of a Character's design would not normally be thought of as beneficial, or may only be beneficial rarely, so it wasn't made into a Skill. The Character being Fat is a good example.
+
+Then a situation arises where that attribute is actually beneficial, like, for 'Fat', trying to snap something using your weight, or for insulation.
+
+Are we going to tell the Player they have to make this a Skill? Do we just ignore the fat if they don't have enough Growth? Do we consider a high-skill in 'Fat' to mean they are highly fat?  
+If not, are we going to allow them to use Character design elements as if they are Skills? This could be horribly unbalanced and easily exploitable.  
+Or do we just give up trying to run a Challenge for this, and just decide arbitrarily whether they succeed or not?  
+Or do we require that any element of Character design which the Player wants to use mechanically must be instantiated as either a Skill (not in this case) or a Trait/Special? The latter would make more sense in this case, though each unique case will need a new Trait/Special which is itself balanced.
+
+Probably the best solution is to use a Trait, with a customisable level denoting the level of fatness, which applies bonuses or reductions on relevant challenges. For insulation or weight, it gives a bonus, for speed etc., it reduces the success.
+
+Clarify hard that Skills are just for purely beneficial things. Don't add as a Skill anything which has direct downsides.
+
+Instead: Skills MUST be things for which a lower level is less useful than a higher level. 'Fat' isn't.
+
+## New Strain System Adjustments
+Consider removing Stage 3 from the new strain system, and letting it behave more naturally, as follows:
+- Storyteller can initiate an exhaustion challenge at any time
+- They should avoid doing so during hazardous situations unless the strain is really bad
+- Successes in exhaustion challenges reward a small amount of willpower
+- It could be viewed as the Storyteller constantly looking out for opportunities for reliable gambles that they can overcome the Player's resistance to exhaustion. If the Strain is bad enough, and the player's willpower is low enough, the Storyteller should take the risk. If they're wrong, the player gains willpower and may be safer afterwards.
+
+Obviously this doesn't imply the Storyteller should actually be adversarial, just that the dynamics reflect a rising baseline hazard, which the players must stay above, and which the storyteller enforces.
+
+Problem: there's no strong reason for the storyteller not to just spam exhaustion challenges. Obviously they wouldn't have to, and it would be stupid to do so, but it would be much better if there was a reliable prevention. One way to do this would be to guarantee that the player will have more willpower after a successful exhaustion challenge than they had before. This may not be very realistic, but it might be worth it.
+
+This reorganisation simplifies the new strain system's structure, to the point that it can be represented not as stages but just as two simple policies for the players to remember: that of any strain causing the sleep willpower effect, and any impairing strain causing the double boost cost effect. Players won't need to know or remember anything about stage 3, nor do they need to think of strain in terms of stages.
+
+## Exhaustion and Resistance Challenges Frequency
+### Exhaustion Challenges
+The storyteller may be inclined to include any relevant skills the player has for resisting the challenge when assessing if it is time to run one or not.
+
+Especially if we decide to include a willpower reward for successful exhaustion challenges, this will lead to disbalances (in the exact wrong direction) in which players recieve the challenges, and thus also the willpower.
+
+one possible solution is to just set a strict number of strain at which the challenge is initiated.
+
+simply removing the willpower reward, and trusting the storyteller not to overuse exhaustion challenges would probably be a better solution.
+
+This would also reduce the overall frequency of exhaustion challenges for players with a high toughness, rather than simply allowing them to pass more of them. This streamlines the gameplay.
+
+### Resistance Challenges
+There is no strong reason for players to forego calling resistance challenges, even though they will almost always fail.
+
+perhaps they should simply cost 1 willpower to initiate?
+
+in that case they should refund the willpower when successful, and maybe reduce the strain by more than 3.
+
+a simpler way to conceptualise this is simply taking one willpower if they fail.
+
+perhaps the strain can be reduced by the level of the skill used in the resistance challenge?
+
+## Partial Resistance
+Currently resistance challenges are all or nothing. Perhaps there should be a way for them to have a partial effect?
+
+It should be possible for psychopaths to be completely immune to guilt, but without extremely-tough barbarians being completely immune to injury. Perhaps the only or best way to achieve this is the original plan of a trait with a special condition for psychopaths.
+
+given this, perhaps the correct balance is to simply increase the reduction of strain from 3 to 5, and allow it to happen more often?
+
+perhaps 3 should always be the base resistance but traits can increase it for specific things? this may be overly-complicated, including with naming. Perhaps use 'immunity', such as "3 immunity to cold" or "total immunity to guilt"? This still implies they should also have the resistance, but in fact immunity on its own would do literally nothing, even though skills are well-suited to handle this function.
+
+perhaps 3 is the base resistance, but they can spend willpower after a successful resistance challenge to increase that by 2 or 3 per willpower?
+
+perhaps we could do 3 plus surfeit challenge success rating? So if they needed a 7 and got a 9, the reduction is 5? ( 3 + (9 - 7 = 2) = 5 ).
+
+the problem ultimately is that that different types of strain can, in reality, be resisted different amounts. Some injuries could barely be resisted at all in reality no matter how 'tough' someone is.
+
+perhaps the answer is to simplify this, removing resistance challenges, allowing characters to have skills labeled as immunity which reduce or remove strain of their given type below their given level?
+
+one problem with this is there's no structure to include it as a page in the ruleset right now. I could make it a sub page below specials? there does seem to be a need for this for other things too.
+
+problem: the immunity approach makes skills like "toughness", "stamina" etc., almost useless, for a pretty arbitrary reason. We could allow resistance challenges but make them much softer.
+
+problem: tick-strain like supplies could be completely ignored using resistance challenges.
+
+back to resistance challenges, but simpler. No base difficulty (though the storyteller can add difficulty where appropriate), and successful resistances reduce by 3, to a minimum of 1. Traits can enhance this reduction, and/or change the minimum.
+
+this doesn't solve the tick-strain problem, but it solves the rest.
+
+perhaps each resistance costs willpower? If so, make it a bit more powerful? Or align it so the cost follows the severity more fairly?
+
+how about characters can pay 1 willpower to do a resistance challenge against an impairment effect, and if they succeed, it's no longer impairing, just straining. Might still need the base difficulty of 3. I like this idea.
+
+keep immunity, it's a flat reduction of a type of damage, with access to it controlled by traits.
+
+also consider changing the strain scale to 0-10, with 1 being the lowest severity which we care to grant gameplay effects, and 10 being a severity which will cause unconsciousness in almost every character.
+
+## Leisure
+As a way to limit passion trait willpower regain without just saying "no farming!", we could allow a pool of potential willpower, called leisure or similar, which passions can pull from.
+
+The pool would be stocked during Accomplishments, raised to the Willpower reward of that Accomplishment, perhaps allowing just adding 1 if that isn't a raise.
+
+or, much simpler and only a little less accurate, just cap passion gains like we cap rest gains. Perhaps allow passions to increase the rewards of relevant accomplishments, too.
+
+## Passive/Auto/Active/Manual Specials/Traits
+traits which grant a contingent skill would be thought of as passive but don't meet the definition as a memory intensive event trigger based trait.
+
+this inconsistency suggests we cannot blanket define passive or active; instead each trait could define itself as something like "heavy".
+
+additionally, it may be better to use the term "memory" as the limit on such traits. the word is literally accurate for its purpose but this use is a bit oblique.
+
+## Combine Resistance and Exhaustion Challenges
+it would just be less cumbersome. People are going to get them confused.
+
+## Rest while strained reduction implementation
+possibly require a fixed duration of rest (4 hours?) before willpower begins being granted.
+
+## Maladies
+Change the wording of "strain status effects", and "strain" heading to "maladies", and clarify that there is only a need to specify a malady IF it is 'straining'. A new word for strain may be needed, since we're using it in its "-ing" form, and 'straining' doesn't sound right.
+
+### Malady Challenges
+
+Also combine resistance and exhaustion challenges into one, possibly called 'malady challenges', which are for removing the impairment of a malady. They cost 1 willpower to attempt at the character's will, but are free if the character must perform them. Each malady has a base difficulty, usually 3, but more if the character is particularly vulnerable to that type (like ethical guilt for starfleet officers).
+
+unconsciousness happens if enough impairing effects have built up to cause it. Non-impairing effects can't cause unconsciousness. Before unconsciousness is caused, the character has a chance to resist each malady using a malady challenge, which in this case does not cost willpower to attempt.
+
+### Malady Terminology and Bounds
+Whilst "Strain" and "Impair" are great choices for their purposes, they don't fit as well in this new minor overhaul, since they are used as modifying terms and thus require "-ing" on the end. Perhaps 'grim' or 'acute'?
+
+## Rest: Disengage Willpower reward from time
+Grant willpower at the start of any downtime proportionate to the length of that downtime.
+
+This is to try to reduce the wasted effort with ad-hoc time management, particularly in deciding how long a given live-acted section has taken so as to subtract it from available rest, and continue with the practice of abstracting time management into willpower management instead.
+
+The only time Rest is actually needed, is to force a player to sit out because they've been using a lot of willpower, which is perhaps the opposite of the incentive we want to provide.
+
+## Rest: Disengage from Willpower
+Using Maladies/Strain to track exhaustion when players voluntarily exchange for it, and then Rest removes that strain, for example:
+- respite: -1 strain
+- campfire: -2 strain
+- standard rest: -3 strain
+- luxuriation: -4 strain
+- abrupt awakening: +1 strain
+
+### Opportunistic exhaustion exchange problem
+Players may try to exchange all their willpower for exhaustion before rest just to get the best benefit.
+
+solution: willpower can go negative, and the exhaustion exchange can ONLY be done while Willpower is 0 or lower. Willpower can't be spent when negative.
+
+addendum: to prevent imbalanced situations like 1 wp being worse in practice than 0 since at 0 you can jump up to 2, we define the exhaustion threshold as less than the wp value of 1 strain (which is probably 2).
+
+### Oversleeping
+if someone wakes up from going from 4 strain to 1, how do we prevent them immediately doing a respite to remove the last one?
+
+type of rest is not a choice, it's defined by the best rest you can currently get.
+
+further, to prevent double-sleeps, we can simply say that arbitrary willpower gains unlock 1 sleep. This wouldn't be necessary unless we wanted to disengage rest willpower gain from time, which we do.
+
+### Exhaustion or Stress?
+either works, but the latter makes more sense as a separation from energy, which willpower is supposed to represent. Stress also works better with the components system described below.
+
+Neither are quite as general (to all possible character types) as ideal.
+
+## Components - Replacing Strain and Maladies
+Each character type (eg. humanoid) has a series of components.
+
+these components are delineated by at which point a different specialised skill is needed to heal/repair them.
+
+humanoids may have:
+- body structure
+- organ function
+- mental competence
+- psyche
+
+this is more complicated than we'd like for what the players need to do, but this would actually be done by the storyteller, ideally all in advance.
+
+starships would have as components all their major subsystems.
+
+components could also be 'impaired' (causing the double-cost boost debuff), and each single component could also be the cause of collapsing on failing a challenge.
+
+### Collapse Challenge Verbiage
+in fact, we could call it a collapse challenge, since that's general and clear.
+
+### Armour
+armour and similar things could be added as additional components.
+
+### Over-attention in character sheet
+it wouldn't be necessary to list a component until it was damaged, though with armour it would be a good idea to. All the pieces combined could still be just "armour" though.
+
+### Reflecting Stress/Exhaustion in non-humanoids using components
+For humanoids, stress/exhaustion falls under the psyche component, but where does it fall for a starship?

src/willpower.md

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+# Willpower
+🌠Willpower is a Character’s energy to exert themselves, mentally or physically, beyond normal limits.
+
+🌠Willpower is also sometimes used to represent time.
+
+🌠Willpower is usually limited to 10.